1. Homer (9th Century b.c.?)
lliad
Odyssey
2. The Old Testament
3. Aeschylus (c. 525-456 b.c. )
Tragedies
4. Sophocles (c. 495-406 b.c. )
Tragedies
5. Herodotus (c. 484-425 b.c. )
History (of the Persian Wars)
6. Euripides (c. 485-406 b.c. )
Tragedies (esp. Medea, Hippolytits, The Bacchae)
7. Thucydides (c. 460-400 b.c. )
History of the Peloponnesian War
8. Hippocrates (c. 460-377? b.c. )
Medical writings
9. Aristophanes (c. 448-380 b.c. )
Comedies (esp. The Clouds, The Birds, The Frogs)
10. Plato (c. 427-347b.c.)
Dialogues
(esp. The Republic, Symposium, Phaedo, Meno,
Apology, Phaedrus, Protagoras, Gorgias, Sophist Theaetetus)
11. Aristotle (384-322 b.c. )
Works
(esp. Organon, Physics, Metaphysics,
On the Soul, The Nichomachean Ethics, Politics Rhetoric, Poetics)
12. Epicurus (c. 341-270 b.c. )
Letter to Herodotus
Letter to Menoeceus
13. Euclid (fl.c. 300 b.c.)
Elements (of Geometry)
14. Archimedes (c. 287-212 b.c. )
Works
(esp. On the Equilibrium of Planes,
On Floating Bodies, The Sand-Reckoner)
15. Apollonius of Perga (fl.c. 240 b.c. )
On Conic Sections
16. Cicero (106-13 b.c.)
Works
(esp. Orations, On Friendship, On Old Age)
17. Lucretius (c. 95-55 b.c. )
On the Nature of Things
18. Virgil( 70-19 b.c.)
Works
19. Horace( 65-8 b.c.)
Works
(esp. Odes and Epodes, The Art of Poetry)
20. Livy (59 B.C.-A.D. 17)
History of Rome
21. Ovid (43 B.C.-A.D. 17)
Works
(esp. Metamorphoses)
22. Plutarch (c. 45-120)
Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
Moralia
23. Tacitus (c. 55-117)
Histories
Annals
Agricola
Germania
24. Nicomachus of Gerasa (ft.c. 100 a.d. )
Introduction to Arithmetic
25. '•Epictetus (c. 60-120)
* Dvicourses Encheiridion (Handhook)
26. Ptolemy (c. 100-178; ft. 127-151)
0Almagest
27. ""Lucian (c. 120-c. 190)
Works
(esp. The Way to Write History,
The True History, The Säle of Creeds)
28. Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
'Meditations
29. Galen (c. 130-200)
"On the Natural Faculties
30. The New Testament
31. Plotinus (205-270)
'The Enneads
32. St. Augustine (354-430)
Works
(esp. On the Teacher, "Confessions,
'The City of God, 'Christian Doctrine)
33. The Song of Roland (12th Century?)
34. The Nibelungenlied (13th Century)
(The Völsunga Saga is the Scandinavian Version of the same legend.)
35. The Saga of Bumt Njal
36. St. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225-1274)
'Summa Theologica
37. * 'Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
Works
(esp. The New Life, On Monarchy, 'TheDivineComedy) .38. Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340-1400) Works
esp. 'Troilus and Cmeyde, 'Canterbury Tales)
39. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Notebooks
40. Niccolö Machiavelli (1469-1527)
'The Prince Discourses on the First Ten Book» of Lioy
41. Desiderius Erasmus (c. 1469-1536)
The Fraise of Folly
42. Nicolaus Copernicus (147.3-1543)
'On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
43. Sir Thomas More (c. 1478-1535)
Utopia
44. Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Three Treatises Table-Talk
45. Fran9ois Rabelais (c. 1495-1553)
'Gargantua and Pantagruel
46. John Calvin (1509-1564)
Institutes of the Christian Religion
47. Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
'Essays
48. William Gilbert (1540-1603)
*On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies
49. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
"Don Quixote
50. Edmund Spenser (c. 1552-1599)
Prothalamion The Faerie Queene
51. • "Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Essays
'Advancement of Learning "Novum Organum "New Atlantis
52. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
•Works
53. • »Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
The Starry Messenger "Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
54. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
"Epitome of Copernican Astronomy 'Concerning the Harmonies of the World
55. William Harvey (1578-1657)
"On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals "On the Circulation of the Blood "On the Generation of Animals
56. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
* The Leviathan
57. Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
"Rules for the Direction of the Mind "Discourse on Method "Geometry
* Meditations on First Philosophy
58. John Milton (1608-1674)
Works
(esp. "the minor poems, *Areopagitica,
"Paradise Lost, "Samson Agonistes)
59. "Moliere (1622-1673)
Comedies
(esp. The Miser, The School for Wives,
The Misanthrope, The Doctor in Spite of Him-
self, Tartuffe)
60. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
"The Provincial Leiters
"Pensees
"Scientific treatises
61. Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695)
* Treatise on Light
62. Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677)
•Ethics
63. John Locke (1632-1704)
"Letter Concerning Toleration
*"Of Civil Government" (second treatise in
T wo Treatises on Government) "Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Thoughts Concerning Education
64. Jean Baptiste Racine (1639-1699)
Tragedies
(esp. Andromache, Phaedra)
65. Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
" Mathematical Principles of Natural PMosophy "Optics
66. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716)
Discourse on Metaphysics
New Essays Concerning Human Understanding
Monadology
67.Daniel Def oe (1660-1731)
Robinson Crusoe
68. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
A Tale of a Tub Journal to Stella 'Gullivers Travek A Modest Proposal
69. William Congreve (1670-1729)
The Way of the World
70. George Berkeley (1685-1753)
Principles of Human Knowledge
71. Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
Essai/ on Criticism Rape of the Lock Essay on Man
72. Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-
1755)
Persian Letters
72. Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, continued
Spirit of Laws
73. Voltaire (1694-1778)
Letters on the English
Candide
Philosophical Dictionary
74. Henry Fielding (1707-1754)
Joseph Andrews "TomJones
75. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
The Vanity of Human Wishes
Dictionary
Rasselas
The Lives of the Poets
(esp. the essays on Milton and Pope)
76. David Hume (1711-1776)
Treatise of Human Nature Essays Moral and Political "An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding
77. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
"On the Origin of Inequality "On Political Economy Emile "The Social Contract
78. Laurence Sterne (1713-1768)
* Tristram Shandy A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy
79. Adam Smith (1723-1790)
The Theory of the Moral Sentiments "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
80. • "Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
"Critique of Pure Reason
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of
Marals
Critique of Practical Reason "The Science of Right 'Critique of Judgment
80. Immanuel Kant, continued
Perpetual Peace
81. Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Autobiography
82. James Boswell (1740-1795)
Journal
(esp. London Journal) "Life of Samuel Johnson Ll.D.
83. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794)
"Elements of Chemistry
84. John Jay (1745-1829), James Madison (1751-1836),
and Alexander Hamilton (1757-1804) 'Federalist Papers
(together with the "Articks of Confedera the "Constitution of the United States, and "Declaration of Independence)
85. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
Introduction to the Principles of Morals and
Legislation Theory of Fictions
86. Johann Wolf gang von Goethe (1749-1832)
'Faust Poetry and Truth
87. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830)
'Analytical Theory of Heat
88. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
Phenomenology of Spirü 'Philosophy of Right 'Lectures on the Philosophy of History
89. William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Poems
(esp. Lyrical Ballads, Lucy poems, sonnets;
ThePrelude)
90. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)
Poems
(esp. "Kubla Khan,"
Rime of the Ancient Mariner)
90. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, continued
Biographia Literaria
91. Jane Austen (1775-1817)
Pride and Prejtidice Emma
92. * "Karl von Clausewitz (1780-1831)
OnWar
93. Stendhal (1783-1842)
The Red and the Black The Charterhouse of Parma On Love
94. George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)
Don Juan
95. » 'Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
Studies in Pessimism
96. • • Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Chemical History of a Candle
* Experimental Researches in Electricity
97. ' "Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
Principles of Geology
98. Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
The Positive Philosophy
99. ' ° Honore de Balzac (1799-1850)
Pere Goriot Eugönie Grandet
100. "Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Representative Men
Essays
Journal
101. • «Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
The Scarlet Letter
102. ° e Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)
Democracy in America
103. * 'John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
A System of Logic "On Liberty "Representative Government
* Utilitarianism
103. John Stuart Mill, continued
The Subjection of Women Autobiography
104. ""Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
0 The Origin of Species " The Descent of Man Autobiography
105. " e Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
Works
(esp. Pickwick Papers, David Copperfield,
Hard Times)
106. * e Claude Bernard (1813-1878)
Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
107. ° "Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Civil Disobedience Waiden
108. Karl Marx (1818-1883)
"Capital (together with the 'Communist Manifesto)
109. George Eliot (1819-1880)
Adam Bede Middlemarch
110. ""Herman Melville (1819-1891)
•Moby Dick Billy Budd
111. ""Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881)
Crime and Punishment The Idiot "The Brothers Karamazov
112. " " Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)
Madame Bovary Three Stories
113. • * Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)
Plays
(esp. Hedda Gabler, A. Dolfs House,
The Wild Duck)
114. • "Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
•War and Peace Anna Karenina What Is Art? Twenty-three Tales
115. "Mark Twain (1835-1910)
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Mysterious Stranger
116. * • William James (1842-1910)
"The Principles of Psychology The Varieties of Religious Experience Pragmatism Essays in Radical Empiricism
117. "Henry James (1843-1916)
The American The Ambassadors
118. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Thus Spoke Zarathustra Beyond Good and Evil The Genealogy of Marals The Will to Power
119. Jules Henri Poincare (1854-1912)
Science and Hypothesis Science and Method
120. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
0 The Interpretation of Dreams
* Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
"Civilization and Its Discontents
'New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
121. "George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
Plays (and Prefaces)
(esp. Man and Superman, Major Barbara,
Caesar and Cleopatra, Pygmalion, Saint Joan)
122. ' • Max Planck (1858-1947)
Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory Where Is Science Going? Scientific Autobiography
123. Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
Time and Free Will
Matter and Memory
Creative Evolution
The Two Sources of Morality and Religion
124. • "John Dewey (1859-1952)
How We Think Democracy and Education Experience and Nature Logic, the Theory of Inquiry
125. " "Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
An Introduction to Mathematics Science and the Modem World The Aims of Education and Other Essays Adventures of Ideas
126. " " George Santayana (1863-1952)
The Life of Reason Skepticism and Animal Faith Persons and Places
127. Nikolai Lenin (1870-1924)
The State and Revolution
128. Marcel Proust (1871-1922)
Remembrance of Things Post
129. " ° Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
The Problems of Philosophy
The Analysis of Mind
An Inquiry tnto Meaning and Truth
Human Knowledge; Its Scope and Limits
130. ° "Thomas Mann (1875-1955)
The Magic Mountain Joseph and Eis Brothers
131. " " Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
The Meaning of Relativity
On the Method of Theoretical Physics
The Evolution of Physics (with L. Infeld)
132. " «James Joyce (1882-1941)
"The Dead" in Dubliners
Portrait of the Artist äs a Young Man Ulysses
133. Jacques Maritain (1882-
Art and Scholasticism
The Degrees of Knowledge
The Rights of Man and Natural Law
True Humanism
134. Franz Kafka (1883-1924)
The Trial The Castle
135. Arnold Toynbee (1889-
A Stitdy of History Civilization on Trial
136. Jean Paul Sartre (1905- )
Nausea .Vo Exit Being and \~othingness
137. Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsy-n (1918- )
The First Circle Cancer Ward